Nickel ferrite nanoparticles catalyzed dark fermentation of dairy wastewater for biohydrogen production

Biohydrogen production from wastewater is a new, low cost, sustainable energy development. In this study, dark fermentation, as type of biological biohydrogen, was carried out using NiFe2O4 nanoparticle catalysts. Implementing the Central Composite Design model, operational parameters including temperature, pH, and dosage were optimized. According to spectroscopic microscopic analyses, nanoparticles successfully synthesized. The highest biohydrogen amount, i.e., ~241.3 mL, obtained at 36 °C, 300 mg/L catalyst dosage, pH 6.5, within time range 12 24 h. biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) chemical (COD) measured be 153 87 mg/L, respectively, which 97.5 83.6 % lower than their initial values. could properly act for fermentation process promote expression hydrogenase enzyme in bacterial cells, thereby producing higher amount biohydrogen.